Table 3 Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) incidence and average population on bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) and harvested pollen samples collected during kiwifruit flowering over 3 years (2014–2016)

From: Pathways of flower infection and pollen-mediated dispersion of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker

Year

Bumblebees

Pollen

 

Incidence (%)

Population (cfu per insect−1)

Incidence (%)

Population (cfu g−1)

2014

20

(4.3 ± 0.7) × 103

40

(3.4 ± 0.1) × 102

2015

50

(3.3 ± 2.3) × 103

50

(5.9 ± 0.9) × 104

2016

20

(6.7 ± 5.0) × 102

30

(1.2 ± 0.0) × 104

  1. The experiment was performed in a commercial Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis orchard. Bumblebees capture was performed during 3 consecutive days, and, in each day, ten individuals were captured at return to the beehive (n = 30). Standard error is shown
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