Fig. 2: Effect of vector type on transient gene manipulation.

a Detached fruits ready for infection, showing phenotypic identity among the fruits. Three different vectors were compared. All three vectors contained eGFP driven by the p35S promoter and GUS driven by the pACP1, pEXP2, or p35S CaMV promoters. b eGFP fluorescence images on the 5th day after Agrobacterium infection. Three representative fruits are shown. c GUS staining on the 5th day after Agrobacterium infection. Three representative fruits are shown. d qRT-PCR analysis of eGFP and GUS expression on the 5th day after Agrobacterium infection. FaACTIN as a normalized control gene. EV, empty vector. Values are the mean ± SD of six fruits. Statistically significant differences among samples were tested by Tukey’s test, and significant differences at the P < 0.05 level are indicated by different letters. E and F. Attached (e) and detached fruits (f) were infected with a VIGS empty vector at three different stages, and photographs were taken when the fruits started to turn red