Fig. 1: Ultra-scale NDVI aerial imaging accomplished routinely through a fixed-wing light aircraft operated by G’s Growers.

a The flying route and aerial imaging were designed to facilitate cross-site crop layout assessment and yield prediction. b A series of ultra-large NDVI images at 3 cm GSD spatial resolution were acquired to record 0.8–1.6 million lettuce heads per field, at H1 and H2 stages