Fig. 2: Schemas of monolignol biosynthesis and expression profiling of ABC transporters in pomegranate seed coats and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) of metabolites and genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis. | Horticulture Research

Fig. 2: Schemas of monolignol biosynthesis and expression profiling of ABC transporters in pomegranate seed coats and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) of metabolites and genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis.

From: Diversity of metabolite accumulation patterns in inner and outer seed coats of pomegranate: exploring their relationship with genetic mechanisms of seed coat development

Fig. 2

a Schema of lignin biosynthesis in pomegranate seed coats. The predominant pathway for monolignol biosynthesis in xylem cells is outlined in black, while the minor pathway43 is outlined in gray. Compounds in the black boxes are components detected in this study, and those in gray boxes were predicted in a previous study of lignin biosynthesis44, but not detected in this study. The relative abundances of the compounds were log2 transformed. Bars on the right represent the relative abundances of metabolites; color shading from yellow to black indicates abundances from low to high. PAL L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, C4H cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4CL 4-coumarate: CoA ligase, CCR cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, CAD cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, HCT hydroxycinnamoyl CoA: shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, C3′H 4-coumaroyl shikimate 3-hydroxylase, CCoAOMT caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase, COMT caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase, CSE caffeoyl shikimate esterase, F5H ferulate/coniferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase, UGT72E coniferyl alcohol glucosyltransferase, POD peroxidase, KatG catalase-peroxidase. b Expression profiling of ABC transporters in the seed coats of pomegranate. The first letters in the designations on the x-axis represent abbreviations of the cultivar names: D for P. granatum “Dabenzi” and T for P. granatum “Tunisia”. The second letters in the designations represent tissues: “O” stands for the outer seed coat, and “I” stands for the inner seed coat. The subsequent number represents the number of days after flowering (DAF). c CCA of metabolites and genes involved in sinapyl alcohol biosynthesis. d CCA of metabolites and genes involved in coniferyl alcohol biosynthesis. Metabolites are shown in red, and genes IDs are shown in purple. Farther distances in the same direction from the origin indicate stronger correlations.

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