Fig. 2: Agrobacterium-mediated regeneration of grapevine after genetic transformation.

a Faint yellow secondary PEM cells used for transformation (X6 medium); (b) delayed screening and culture of transformed PEM cells after one month; (c, d) selection on screening medium containing antibiotics; (e–g) selection on differentiation medium (X3 screening medium); (h) cotyledons turned green and roots appeared after culture on X1.5 medium; (i, j) regenerated plantlets cultured on WPM medium; (k, l) regenerated seedlings were transplanted into soil and cultured in a controlled-environment chamber