Fig. 5: Effect of foliar treatments on the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) control evaluated at 35 days post-TYLCV inoculation.

a Lesions on Nicotiana benthamiana (upper panel) and Solanum lycopersicum (lower panel) leaves. b Plant leaves stained with 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB). Treatments included H2O plants were sprayed with distillation–distillation water, pDNA plants were sprayed with mixed pDNA, LDH plants were sprayed with LDH, and pDNA–LDH plants were sprayed with mixed pDNA–LDH