Fig. 3: Distributions and heritability of the phenotypic data.
From: The apple REFPOP—a reference population for genomics-assisted breeding in apple
a, b Violin plots of floral emergence and harvest date for individual environments using the adjusted phenotypic values of each tree. Gray and black circles denote mean and median values, respectively. c Individual-location clonal mean heritability for two analyzed traits with values before and after the correction of spatial heterogeneity. d Density plot of phenotypic least-square means of genotypes across environments with environmental effects removed, calculated from the adjusted phenotypic values of each tree corrected for spatial heterogeneity within environments. The environments were labeled with codes: Belgium (BEL), Switzerland (CHE), Spain (ESP), France (FRA), and Italy (ITA)
