Fig. 1: Expression, subcellular localization, and transcriptional activity of MdWRKY11.
aMdWRKY11 expression in the leaves and roots under excess Cu stress, as detected by qPCR. The MdWRKY11 expression level was normalized to the internal MdActin expression level. The apple plants were treated with 500μM CuSO4 for 0, 1, 2, and 4h. The data are the means±SDs of triplicate experiments for each time point. The asterisks indicate values that are significantly different from those of the control (Student’s t-test): *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. b MdWRKY11-GFP is localized to the nucleus of Nicotiana benthamiana cells. 35S::MdWRKY11-GFP was transiently expressed in epidermal cells of N. benthamiana leaves and visualized by confocal microscopy (×40). The nucleus was dyed with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). c Transcriptional activation of MdWRKY11 in yeast cells. Yeast AH109 strains expressing pCL-1, binding domain (BD), and pBD-MdWRKY11 were cultured on yeast peptone dextrose adenine agar (YPDA) or selective SD-His-Trp media. pCL-1 encoding the GAL4 protein and the empty vector pGBKT7 (BD) were used as the positive and negative controls, respectively
