Fig. 1: Evolution of the CYP716 family in P. grandiflorus. | Horticulture Research

Fig. 1: Evolution of the CYP716 family in P. grandiflorus.

From: Whole-genome, transcriptome, and methylome analyses provide insights into the evolution of platycoside biosynthesis in Platycodon grandiflorus, a medicinal plant

Fig. 1

a Expansion and contraction of the CYP716 family in P. grandiflorus based on a time-calibrated phylogeny of six Asterid species. Branch numbers indicate the number of expanded (blue) and contracted (red) gene families after the split from the most recent common ancestor (MRCA). The table (right) shows the number of CYP450 families identified in Asterids analyzed on the left. In the table, the gray shaded regions indicate expansions of the CYP450 family in the MRCA, and red-color numbers indicate expansions specific to the corresponding species. b Heatmap showing the abundance of CYP716 proteins in six Asterids. Asterisks (*) indicate CYP716 proteins that modify triterpene scaffolds. c β-Amyrin modifications in P. grandiflorus. The structure of PubChem (ID: 73145) was modified to use the β-amyrin scaffold. Different reactions involved in the modification of β-amyrin are indicated in red, blue, and green in d. d Heatmap showing the expression of CYP450 genes and known reactions on platycoside scaffolds. Gene expression is presented as log2 fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (FPKM) of RNA-Seq data from eight different tissues. Asterisks (*) indicate genes with significantly higher expression in roots than in other tissues (p < 0.001; Fisher’s exact test)

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