Fig. 4: MdATG8i overexpression improves ROS scavenging ability in response to long-term moderate drought conditions.

a Representative images of leaves showing the accumulation of O2− and H2O2 as revealed by staining with NBT and DAB, respectively, in response to drought stress. b Fluorescence detection of ROS accumulation in guard cells of MdATG8i-overexpressing apple lines and WT plants using H2DCFDA under normal or drought stress conditions. Comparisons of electrolyte leakage (c) and MDA concentrations (d) between WT and transgenic plants. Quantitative measurements of the O2− (e) and H2O2 concentrations (f) in apple leaves after 80 days of normal or moderate drought conditions. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; g) and peroxidase (POD; h) after 80 days of normal or moderate drought conditions. The data are the means of three replicates with SDs. Values with different letters differed significantly at P < 0.05 according to Tukey’s multiple range test.