Fig. 1: Comparison of cuticular wax accumulation.

a Photographic images of G–O-, G–I-, NG–O-, and NG–I-type leaves. b Anatomical structure characterization of G–O-, G–I-, NG–O-, and NG–I-type leaves. c Analysis of epidermal cuticle thickness. (d) Comparison of wax contents in the leaf epidermis. Error bars represent standard error. ‘*’ on error bars indicates significant differences at p < 0.05 among two groups, ‘**’ indicates significant differences at p < 0.01 among two groups