Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants according to the risk categories of blood pressure and glucose

Number

397

580

629

876

393

337

Sex (men)

40.8%

48.3%

51.0%

0.005

49.2%

45.5%

45.4%

0.331

Age (years)

64.4 ± 9.7

66.0 ± 8.7

67.1 ± 8.6

<0.001

66.7 ± 8.9

66.3 ± 8.6

63.9 ± 9.2

<0.001

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.3 ± 3.8

25.1 ± 3.5

25.6 ± 3.9

<0.001

25.0 ± 3.7

25.3 ± 3.8

25.3 ± 3.9

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

109.7 ± 7.2

129.5 ± 5.9

154.0 ± 13.0

<0.001

134.2 ± 20.0

133.7 ± 19.5

135.0 ± 20.9

<0.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

66.5 ± 6.6

75.2 ± 6.4

86.0 ± 9.0

<0.001

77.1 ± 10.7

76.8 ± 10.8

78.4 ± 11.1

<0.001

HbA₁c (NGSP, %)

7.3 ± 1.6

7.2 ± 1.3

7.2 ± 1.4

<0.001

6.3 ± 0.6

7.4 ± 0.3

9.3 ± 1.3

<0.001

Dyslipidemia

19.4%

14.8%

17.2%

0.168

16.0%

14.5%

22.0%

0.016

Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)

77.0 ± 11.1

74.9 ± 10.9

74.7 ± 10.6

0.011

74.4 ± 10.6

74.8 ± 11.4

78.6 ± 10.3

0.011

Current smoking

17.6%

14.7%

15.7%

0.455

15.6%

15.5%

16.6%

0.901

Medication for diabetes

45.3%

50.2%

43.6%

0.063

40.3%

50.6%

57.3%

<0.001

Medication for hypertension

14.1%

22.4%

27.2%

<0.001

23.2%

23.2%

18.7%

0.214

HbA₁c category

0.895

<0.001

<7.0% (HB1)

53.9%

54.3%

55.2%

7.0–7.9% (HB2)

26.2%

24.3%

23.5%

≥8.0% (HB3)

19.9%

21.4%

21.3%

Blood pressure category^a

0.895

Normotension (BP1)

24.4%

26.5%

23.4%

Prehypertension (BP2)

36.0%

35.9%

36.8%

Hypertension (BP3)

39.6%

37.7%

39.8%