Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study patient (n = 243)

From: Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with type 2 diabetes

 

Overall patients

Non-obese patients

Obese patients

P

 

n = 243

n = 121

n = 122

Age, years

58 ± 12

62 ± 11

55 ± 13

<0.001d

Men

161 (66.3)

81 (66.9)

80 (65.6)

0.892

BMI, kg/m2

25.1 (22.4−28.6)

22.4 (20.9−23.6)

28.5 (26.4−31.8)

<0.001e

HbA1c, %

8.1 (7.1−9.8)

7.8 (7.0−9.9)

8.3 (7.2−9.8)

0.142e

Diabetes duration, years

3 (0−10)

4 (1−14)

2 (0−8)

0.004e

Smoking status

  Current smoker

36 (14.8)

20 (16.5)

16 (13.1)

0.476

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

139 ± 23

139 ± 24

138 ± 22

0.694d

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

83 ± 14

82 ± 14

85 ± 15

0.148d

Comorbidity

 Hypertensiona

97 (39.9)

42 (34.7)

55 (45.1)

0.116

 Dyslipidemiab

91 (37.4)

37 (30.6)

54 (44.3)

0.034

Medication

 Oral hypoglycemic agent

124 (51.0)

63 (52.1)

61 (50.0)

0.798

 Antihypertension agents

92 (37.9)

41 (33.9)

51 (41.8)

0.234

   RAS inhibitorc

59 (24.3)

24 (19.8)

32 (28.7)

0.134

  Diuretics

7 (2.9)

0 (0.0)

7 (2.9)

0.014

 Antidyslipidemic agents

78 (32.1)

33 (27.3)

45 (36.9)

0.131

  Statin

69 (28.4)

30 (24.8)

39 (32.0)

0.255

Diabetic nephropathy

  Stage 1

180 (74.1)

93 (76.9)

87 (71.3)

0.571

  Stage 2

53 (21.8)

25 (19.0)

30 (24.6)

  Stage 3

10 (4.1)

5 (4.1)

5 (4.1)

Total cholesterol, mg/dl

199 ± 39

200 ± 36

198 ± 42

0.748

LDL-cholesterol, mg/dl

118 (97−148)

117 (97−147)

119 (96−148)

0.979

HDL-cholesterol, mg/dl

46 (39−55)

50 (43−59)

44 (36−49)

<0.001e

Triglyceride, mg/dl

138 (103−189)

132 (95−185)

143 (114−209)

0.008e

Blood urine nitrogen, mg/dl

14.7 (12.5−17.5)

15.6 (13.5−18.8)

14.0 (11.8−16.3)

<0.001e

Serum creatinine, mg/dl

0.69 (0.57−0.80)

0.71 (0.61−0.84)

0.68 (0.55−0.78)

0.032e

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

82.3 (72.4−98.9)

77.9 (69.8−93.8)

89.8 (76.0−102.6)

<0.001e

  ≥90

99 (40.7)

39 (32.2)

60 (49.2)

0.036

  60–89

123 (50.6)

68 (56.2)

55 (45.1)

  45–59

14 (5.8)

10 (8.3)

4 (3.3)

  30–44

7 (2.9)

4 (3.3)

3 (2.5)

Urinary albumin excretion, mg/day

9.7 (6.6−24.6)

9.4 (6.4−21.9)

10.2 (6.8−25.1)

0.430e

Serum uric acid, mg/dl

5.2 ± 1.3

5.1 ± 1.2

5.3 ± 1.3

0.181

Serum hsCRP, mg/dl

0.058 (0.025−0.126)

0.031 (0.015−0.069)

0.101 (0.047−0.194)

<0.001e

Serum TNFα, pg/ml

1.79 (1.32−2.32)

1.75 (1.23−2.23)

1.87 (1.49−2.35)

0.199e

Urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio

3.2 ± 1.4

3.1 ± 1.2

3.4 ± 1.5

0.194a

Serum ADMA, μM

0.47 ± 0.10

0.47 ± 0.10

0.47 ± 0.10

0.763a

  1. Data were expressed as mean ± SD, median (IQR), or number (%)
  2. ADMA asymmetric dimethylarginine, BMI body mass index, hsCRP high-sensitive C-reactive protein, GFR glomerular filtration rate, Hb hemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein, IMT intima–media thickness, IQR interquartile range, LDL low-density lipoprotein, RAS renin–angiotensin system, SD standard deviation, TNF tumor necrosis factor
  3. aPatients with diagnostics of hypertension or high systolic blood pressure (≥140 mmHg)
  4. bPatients with diagnostics of dyslipidemia or high LDL-cholesterol (≥140 mg/dl) or low HDL-cholesterol (40 mg/dl) or high triglyceride (≥150 mg/dl)
  5. cAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker
  6. dUnpaired t test
  7. eMann–Whitney U test
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