Table 1 Demographic, clinical and functional characteristics of patients

Age (years)

71.79 ± 1.39

73.5 ± 1.39

75.63 ± 1.10

0.15

Female sex (%)

26.3

40

64.7

0.064

BMI (kg/m²)

23.58 ± 0.56

24.69 ± 0.69

24.80 ± 0.91

0.413

Peak VO₂/Kg (ml/kg/min)

22.17 ± 0.51* ^†

18.32 ± 0.25^†

14.24 ± 0.32

<0.001

VO₂/Kg at AT (ml/kg/min)

16.82 ± 0.66* ^†

13.98 ± 0.54^†

10.71 ± 0.58

<0.001

VTmax (L)

1.53 ± 0.06 ^†

1.4 ± 0.05^†

1.09 ± 0.06

<0.001

SBP (mmHg)

152 [128–66]

145.5 [130.25–55.50]

141 [133.25–71.25]

0.38

DBP (mmHg)

80.68 ± 2.47

78.90 ± 2.45

79.50 ± 2.31

0.864

HRmax (bpm)

126.79 ± 3.58

123.7 ± 3.24

116.71 ± 5.40

0.23

BUN (mmol/L)

4.49 [3.85–5.54]

4.76[4.20–5.10]

4.52[4.18–6.20]

0.756

Scr (μmol/L)

70.35 ± 3.26

73.28 ± 3.80

69.15 ± 4.31

0.729

AST (IU/l)

23.10 [19.90–28.30]

25.05 [19.93–27.55]

22.60 [19.05–29.9]

0.955

ALT (IU/l)

17.50 [13.10–26.40]

15.40 [11.75–20.53]

16.90 [11.60–27.00]

0.375

CRP, mg/L nv 0–3 mg/L

0.48 [0.31–83] ^†

0.81 [0.51–1.96]

1.38 [0.76–3.16]

0.004

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.34 ± 0.75

2.15 ± 0.83

2.58 ± 0.80

0.929

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.26 ± 0.21

1.35 ± 0.43

1.30 ± 0.34

0.934

TC (mmol/L)

4.19 ± 0.21

4.06 ± 0.23

4.52 ± 0.22

0.926

TG (mmol/L)

1.19 [0.90–1.59]

1.02[0.83–2.05]

1.50 [0.95–2.06]

0.253

FINS (mg/dL)

67.05 [48.38–80.34]

61.98 [43.94–89.06]

76.76 [38.78–125.05]

0.844

FBG (mmol/L)

5.31 [4.59–6.57]

5.41 [4.89–5.85]

5.37 [5.13–5.88]

0.879

HbA1c (%)

6.20 [5.80–6.80]

6.00 [5.75–6.58]

6.20 [5.85–6.60]

0.777

DM type II (%)

42.1

10

17.6

0.048