Table. 2 Hazard ratios of incident hypertension according to family history of hypertension and cardiorespiratory fitness

From: Combined association of cardiorespiratory fitness and family history of hypertension on the incidence of hypertension: a long-term cohort study of Japanese males

Category

Man-years

No. of cases

Rate/1000 man-years

Age-adjusted model Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Multivariable model 1 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Multivariable model 2 Hazard ratio (95% CI)

Family history of hypertension

  Yes

56113

1574

28.1

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

  No

45099

636

14.1

0.49 (0.45–0.54)

0.50 (0.45–0.55)

0.50 (0.46–0.55)

Cardiorespiratory fitness

  Low

31969

891

27.9

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

  Moderate

34496

743

21.5

0.78 (0.71–0.86)

0.86 (0.78–0.95)

0.87 (0.79–0.96)

  High

34747

576

16.6

0.60 (0.54–0.67)

0.72 (0.65–0.80)

0.72 (0.65–0.81)

   

p for trend

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

  1. Multivariable model 1 was adjusted for age (continuous variable), BMI (continuous variable), smoking habit (never-smoker, past smoker, 1–20 cigarettes per day, 21≥ cigarettes per day), drinking habit (none, 1–40 g per day, ≥41 g per day)
  2. Multivariable model 2 was adjusted for model 1 plus VO2max (continuous variable) for family history of hypertension or family history of hypertension (yes, no) for cardiorespiratory fitness
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