Table 2 Demographic, clinical and neuropsychological data

From: Characteristic changes in the default mode network in hypertensive patients with cognitive impairment

  

Control (n = 19)

HTN-NC (n = 30)

HTN-CI (n = 25)

P value/x2

Age, years

 

57.26 ± 7.08

65.93 ± 7.83a

65.32 ± 7.63a

<0.001***

Gender (male/female)

 

10/9

16/14

12/13

0.918

Education, years

 

12 (6.00)

12 (6.50)

12 (5.50)

0.424

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

 

5 (26.32)

8 (26.67)

7 (28.00)

0.991

HTN duration, years

 

—

10 (9.13)

6 (7.50)

0.295

HTN level

HTN-1, n (%)

—

10 (33.30)

8 (32.00)

0.719

 

HTN-2, n (%)

—

10 (33.30)

11 (44.00)

 
 

HTN-3, n (%)

—

10 (33.30)

6 (24.00)

 

WMH degree

Fazakes I, n (%)

16 (84.20)

24 (80.00)

22 (88.00)

0.724

 

Fazakes II, n (%)

3 (15.80)

6 (20.00)

3 (12.00)

 

Lacunar infarction, n (%)

 

1 (5.26)

5 (16.67)

6 (24.00)

0.247

Cerebral microbleed, n (%)

 

1 (5.30)

7 (23.30)

5 (20.00)

0.247

Gray matter volume, cm3

 

545.54 ± 31.00

527.32 ± 42.92

536.98 ± 54.42

0.240

White matter volume, cm3

 

486.61 ± 40.19

454.47 ± 43.91

472.99 ± 54.98

0.065

TWMH volume, mm3

 

547.23 (498.72)

1002.30 (1795.42)

956.41 (2316.82)

0.115

PVWMH volume, mm3

 

204.32 (463.06)

582.20 (1396.06)

786.85 (1396.5)

0.154

DWMH volume, mm3

 

76.22 (281.44)

138.97 (439.04)

189.62 (507.58)

0.378

WMH adjusted

 

5.41 × 10-4 (4.59 × 10-4)

10.14 × 10-4 (18.10 × 10-4)

5.41 × 10-4(4.59 × 10-4)

0.122

MMSE

 

29 (2.00)

28.5 (2.00)

29 (2.00)

0.365

MoCA

 

27 (1.00)

26 (2.00)

23 (5.00)a,b

<0.001***

HAMD

 

4 (9.00)

3 (8.00)

3 (7.00)

0.900

Processing speed

 TMT-A(s)

 

47 (29.00)

52 (15.75)

47 (26.00)

0.159

 Stroop-B(s)

 

17 (9.00)

19 (5.25)

23 (6.00)b

0.023*

Executive function

 TMTba(s)

 

37 (36.00)

31.5 (45.50)

51 (50.00)

0.193

 Stroop CB(s)

 

6 (10.00)

10.5 (15.25)

10 (10.00)

0.416

Working memory

 AVLT-long term delay recall

 

5.79 ± 2.37

4.96 ± 2.01

4.80 ± 2.93

0.796

 (WMS)VR- delay recall

 

9.10 ± 2.88

6.68 ± 3.32

6.36 ± 4.37a

0.033*

Language

 Boston naming test

 

52 (5.00)

53 (6.75)

49 (14.50)

0.549

 Category verbal fluency

 

16.95 ± 3.84

17.39 ± 3.66

16.20 ± 2.87

0.35

Visual-spatial ability

 (WMS)VR-copy

 

14 (0.00)

14 (0.00)

14 (0.00)

0.581

 CDT

 

4 (0.00)

4 (0.00)

4 (1.00)

0.061

  1. HTN‐NC hypertensive patients with normal cognition, HTN‐CI hypertensive patients with cognitive impairment, HTN hypertension, WMH white matter hyperintensities, PVWMH periventricular white matter hyperintensities, DWMH deep white matter hyperintensities, MMSE Mini-mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, HAMD Hamilton Depression Scale, TMT Trail Making Test, AVLT Auditory Verbal Learning Test, WMS Wechsler Memory Scale, VR Visual Reproduction, CDT clock drawing test.
  2. Data are represented as mean ± SD, n (%) or median (IQR), aP < 0.05, differs from the control group; bP < 0.05, differs from the HTN-NC group, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001. One-way ANOVA was applied in the comparison of normal distributed data, χ2 test was applied in the ranked data. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used for the comparisons of non-normal distributed data
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