Table 1 Background of pregnant women with normal BP, high-normal BP, and high BP, THT, WCH, and CH in the first trimester

From: Temporary hypertension and white coat hypertension in the first trimester as risk factors for preeclampsia

 

Normal BP in the first trimester (A: n = 2296)

High-normal BP in the first trimester (B: n = 275)

High BP in the first trimester (C: n = 161)

THTa in the first trimester (D: n = 49)

WCH (E: n = 21)

CH (F: n = 56)

Missing value (A/B/C/D/E/F)

P value

Maternal characteristics

 Age at delivery (yr)

33.7 ± 5.1

34.4 ± 5.6

34.8 ± 4.7

36.2 ± 4.9

36.4 ± 5.2

36.1 ± 5.1

0

<0.001d

 Age at delivery ≥40 yr (%)

240 (10.5)

39 (14.2)

21 (13.0)

12 (24.5)

6 (28.6)

12 (21.4)

0

<0.001e

 Race: non-Japanese (%)

58 (2.5)

2 (0.7)

1 (0.6)

2 (4.1)

0 (0)

2 (3.6)

0

0.204

 Nulliparous women (%)

1125 (49.0)

163 (59.3)

83 (51.6)

30 (61.2)

13 (61.9)

27 (48.2)

0

0.015f

 Pre-pregnancy BMI

21.5 ± 3.5

24.6 ± 5.4

25.4 ± 5.4

28.2 ± 6.2

29.1 ± 7.4

28.1 ± 6.5

0

<0.001g

 Overweight or obese (%)

279 (12.2)

103 (37.5)

70 (43.5)

33 (67.3)

15 (71.4)

35 (62.5)

0

<0.001h

 Multiple pregnancy (%)

146 (6.4)

18 (6.5)

7 (4.3)

5 (10.2)

1 (4.8)

2 (3.6)

0

0.677

 Twin pregnancy (%)

144 (6.3)

18 (6.5)

7 (4.3)

5 (10.2)

1 (4.8)

2 (3.6)

0

0.963

 Triplet pregnancy (%)

2 (0.1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0

 

 Past history of GH/PE (%)

44 (1.9)

9 (3.3)

17 (10.6)

4 (8.2)

1 (4.8)

14 (25.0)

0

<0.001i

BP profiles

 Antihypertensive drugs just before pregnancy

(–)

(–)

(–)

(–)

(–)

23 (41.1)

0

(–)

 Average clinic SBP on the second and third measurements at 8–11 wk

106 ± 8

124 ± 3

128 ± 7

136 ± 12

142 ± 8

142 ± 17

0

<0.001j

 Average clinic DBP on the second and third measurements at 8–11 wk

61 ± 8

71 ± 6

80 ± 6

84 ± 10

89 ± 10

89 ± 15

0

<0.001j

 Average clinic SBP on the second and third measurements at 16–19 wk

101 ± 22b

112 ± 25b

118 ± 20b

118 ± 28b

124 ± 32b

130 ± 23b

0

<0.001k

 Average clinic DBP on the second and third measurements at 16–19 wk

56 ± 14b

63 ± 16b

71 ± 13b

70 ± 18b

77 ± 21b

79 ± 16 b

0

<0.001l

 SBP in HBP at < 13 wk

(–)

(–)

(–)

(–)

121 ± 7

134 ± 12

(E/F:7/20)

<0.001

 DBP in HBP at < 13 wk

(–)

(–)

(–)

(–)

77 ± 7

84 ± 12

(E/F:10/23)

0.035

 SBP in HBP at 14–19 wk

(–)

(–)

(–)

(–)

118 ± 8

130 ± 12c

(E/F:1/3)

<0.001

 DBP in HBP at 14–19 wk

(–)

(–)

(–)

(–)

73 ± 6

80 ± 11c

(E/F:3/7)

0.003

Infant characteristics

In singleton pregnancy

(n = 2679)

  Birth weeks (wk)

38.7 ± 2.1

38.5 ± 2.3

38.4 ± 2.6

38.6 ± 1.7

37.4 ± 3.2

36.9 ± 3.8

0

<0.001m

  Preterm delivery (%)

203/2150 (9.4)

28/257 (9.6)

14/154 (9.1)

4/44 (9.1)

5/20 (25.0)

16/54 (29.6)

0

<0.001n

  Birth weight (g)

2933 ± 487

2929 ± 545

2896 ± 580

2915 ± 511

2791 ± 855

2600 ± 114

0

<0.001m

  SGA infants (%)

191/2150 (8.9)

18/257 (7.0)

18/154 (11.7)

2/44 (4.5)

5/20 (25.0)

7/54 (13.0)

0

0.051

  1. BP blood pressure, THT temporary hypertension, WCH white coat hypertension, CH chronic hypertension, yr years old, BMI body mass index, GH gestational hypertension, PE preeclampsia, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, wk weeks of gestation, SGA small for gestational age
  2. aTHT was diagnosed when pregnant women showed temporary HT (SBP/DBP ≥ 140/90 mmHg) in the first trimester, but they showed mid-trimester BP drops to BP levels of SBP/DBP < 140/90 mmHg
  3. bSignificant beween women at 8–11 wk and those at 16–19 wk
  4. cSignificant between women at <13 wk and those at 14–19 wk
  5. dSignificant pairs: A vs. D, and F
  6. eSignificant pair: A vs. D
  7. fSignificant pair: A vs. B
  8. gSignificant pairs: A vs. B, C, D, E, and F; B vs. D, E, and F; C vs. D, E, and F
  9. hSignificant pairs: A vs. B, C, D, E, and F; B vs. D, E, and F
  10. iSignificant pairs: A vs. C, D, and F; B vs. F
  11. jSignificant pairs: All except for D vs. E and E vs. F
  12. kSignificant pairs: A vs. B, C, D, E, and F; B vs. F; C vs. F
  13. lSignificant pairs: A vs. B, C, D, E, and F; B vs. C, D, E, and F; C vs. F; D vs. F
  14. mSignificant pairs: A, B, C, and D vs. F
  15. nSignificant pairs: A, B, and C vs. F
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