Table 3 Odds ratio of BP levels at 8–11 weeks of gestation, pre-pregnancy BMI, primiparity, age, past history of GH/PE, and multiple pregnancy for the occurrence of GH

From: Temporary hypertension and white coat hypertension in the first trimester as risk factors for preeclampsia

Risk factors

Number of risk factors

GH numbers (frequency)

Incidence of GH

cOR

(95% CI)

aOR

(95% CI)

BP levels at 8–11 weeks

 Normal BP

2258

8 (0.4)

1

1

 High-normal BP

263

5 (1.9)

5.5 (1.8–16.8)

5.5 (1.8–17.4)

 High BP or THT

193

17 (8.8)

27.3 (11.6–64.1)

27.6 (11.1–68.5)

 WCH

18

6 (33.3)

141 (42.5–469)

160 (40.5–632)

Pre-pregnancy BMI

 <25.0

2259

22 (1.0)

1

1

 25.0–29.9

306

7 (2.3)

2.4 (1.01–5.6)

0.79 (0.313–2.0)

 ≥30.0

175

7 (4.0)

4.2 (1.8–10.1)

0.71 (0.25–2.0)

Parity

 Multiparity

1366

14 (1.0)

1

1

 Primiparity

1,374

22 (1.6)

1.6 (0.80–3.1)

1.5 (0.68–3.2)

Age

 Age <40 yr

2436

29 (1.2)

1

1

 Age ≥40 yr

304

7 (2.3)

2.0 (0.85–4.5)

1.4 (0.55–3.5)

Past history of GH/PE

 Absence

2673

33 (1.2)

1

1

 Presence

67

3 (4.5)

3.8 (1.12–12.5)

2 (0.49–8.1)

Multiple pregnancy

 Singleton pregnancy

2571

34 (1.3)

1

1

 Twins or Triplets

169

2 (1.2)

0.89 (0.21–3.8)

0.93 (0.20–4.3)

  1. For this multivariate logistic regression analysis, women with PE/SPE and those with CH were excluded. In addition, high BP and THT were combined because the incidence of GH in women with THT was only 1. Moreover, women with pre-pregnancy BMI of   18.5 and those with pre-pregnancy BMI of 18.5−24.9 were also combined because the incidence of GH in women with pre-pregnancy BMI of   18.5 was 0%. Therefore, 2740 women were used for this analysis
  2. BP blood pressure; BMI body mass index; GH gestational hypertension; PE preeclampsia; cOR crude odds ratio, CI confidence interval; aOR adjusted odds ratio, THT temporary hypertension, WCH white coat hypertension, CH chronic hypertension, yr years old, SPE superimposed preeclampsia