Table 3 Mean and SE of palatability VAS ratings by age, sex, smoking, fasting time, and medication

		0.3% NaCl		0.6% NaCl		0.9% NaCl		P value*
	N	−MSG	+MSG	−MSG	+MSG	−MSG	+MSG
All	584	30.7 ± 0.8^a	60.6 ± 0.9^b	44.8 ± 0.7^c	57.4 ± 0.7^d	40.7 ± 0.7^e	51.6 ± 0.8^f	<0.0001
Sex
Male	69	28.9 ± 2.2^a	56.2 ± 2.6^b	39.7 ± 1.9^c	54.1 ± 1.7^b	41.6 ± 2.0^c	50.3 ± 2.3^b	<0.0001
Female	515	30.9 ± 0.8^a	61.2 ± 1.0^b	45.4 ± 0.7^c	57.8 ± 0.8^d	40.5 ± 0.8^e	51.7 ± 0.9^f	<0.0001
Age group (year)
19–29	257	32.1 ± 1.2^a	61.6 ± 1.4^b	47.4 ± 1.0^c	58.8 ± 1.1^b	42.4 ± 1.1^d	51.7 ± 1.3^c	<0.0001
30–59	72	25.9 ± 1.8^a	65.5 ± 2.7^b	43.5 ± 2.3^c,d	57.1 ± 2.2^e	38.9 ± 2.1^c	51.5 ± 2.5^d,e	<0.0001
60–69	100	27.8 ± 1.8^a	59.5 ± 2.0^b	42.3 ± 1.6^c	55.1 ± 1.7^b,d	39.9 ± 1.7^c	51.5 ± 1.8^d	<0.0001
>70	153	32.6 ± 1.5^a	57.8 ± 1.8^b	42.6 ± 1.4^c	56.6 ± 1.4^b,d	39.1 ± 1.6^c	51.6 ± 1.5^d	<0.0001
Smoking
Smoker	14	33.3 ± 5.9^a	63.4 ± 4.5^b	49.4 ± 5.4	62.0 ± 4.0^b	40.4 ± 7.1^a,c	55.3 ± 3.9^b,c	0.0002
Past smoker	28	29.3 ± 3.5^a	54.3 ± 4.2^b	39.2 ± 2.8^a,c	53.8 ± 3.2^b	38.9 ± 2.9^a,c	50.6 ± 3.9^b,c	<0.0001
Never smoker	539	30.6 ± 0.8^a	60.9 ± 0.9^b	44.9 ± 0.7^c	57.5 ± 0.8^d	40.8 ± 0.8^e	51.5 ± 0.9^f	<0.0001
Fasting time
≤2 h	129	33.3 ± 1.7^a	59.7 ± 2.0^b	43.1 ± 1.7^c	57.3 ± 1.5^b	37.5 ± 1.6^c	49.8 ± 1.7^d	<0.0001
>2 h	453	29.8 ± 0.8^a	60.9 ± 1.0^b	45.2 ± 0.8^c	57.4 ± 0.8^d	41.5 ± 0.8^e	52.0 ± 0.9^f	<0.0001
Medicine
With medication	199	31.1 ± 1.3^a	56.7 ± 1.5^b	43.5 ± 1.2^c	55.0 ± 1.2^b,d	41.2 ± 1.3^c	50.5 ± 1.3^d	<0.0001
No medication	382	30.6 ± 0.9^a	62.9 ± 1.1^b	45.5 ± 0.9^c	58.7 ± 0.9^d	40.4 ± 0.9^e	52.1 ± 1.1^f	<0.0001

The significant differences between each rating score are indicated by alphabetic superscripts. A rating score is significantly different from others that have different superscript letters according to Tukey’s test (P < 0.05). A rating score without any alphabetic superscripts is not significantly different from any other score
^*P for repeated-measures ANOVA

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