Fig. 5

Impact of luseogliflozin treatment on locomotor activity (LA) and circadian rhythm. a Average 24-h LA during feeding with a NSD (0.3% NaCl) or a HSD (8% NaCl) and after switching back to a NSD in adenine-induced CKD rats with or without luseogliflozin treatment. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. vehicle group. Average 12-h LA in the inactive and active periods (b) during feeding with a NSD, (c) after 5 days of a HSD, and (d) 2 days after switching to a NSD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. the inactive period of the respective group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs. the active period of the vehicle group