Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants at baseline and during the follow-up period

From: The predictive value of repeated blood pressure measurements in childhood for cardiovascular risk in adults: the Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study

Variable

NBP groupa

EBP groupb

P value

No. of patients (M/F)

1088 (591/497)

650 (372/278)

0.237

Baseline

  Age (years)

12 (9, 14)

11 (9, 13)

0.003

  SBP (mm Hg)

100.0 (93.3, 106.0)

109.3 (101.3, 116.7)

<0.001

  DBP (mm Hg)

61.3 (58.0, 67.3)

70.0 (63.3, 76.0)

<0.001

  Height (cm)

138.0 (124.3, 149.0)

134.5 (123.0, 148.0)

0.130

  Weight (kg)

30.0 (23.2, 39.0)

29.0 (22.8, 38.5)

0.503

  BMI (kg/m2)

15.9 (14.7, 17.6)

15.9 (14.9, 17.7)

0.187

  HR (bpm)

78.0 (72.0, 84.0)

80.0 (72.0, 84.0)

<0.001

  Bust (cm)

61.5 (57.0, 68.0)

61.5 (57.0, 68.0)

0.912

Follow-up

  Age (years)

42 (39, 44)

41 (39, 43)

0.003

  SBP (mm Hg)

118.7 (110.0, 128.2)

125.7 (117.0, 135.0)

<0.001

  DBP (mm Hg)

74.3 (67.3, 81.7)

79.2 (72.7, 86.3)

<0.001

  Height (cm)

162.8 (156.4, 168.5)

163.9 (157.5, 168.5)

0.078

  Weight (kg)

62.8 (55.4, 71.3)

64.5 (56.6, 72.0)

0.012

  BMI (kg/m2)

23.7 (21.8, 26.0)

24.1 (22.3, 26.2)

0.066

  HR (bpm)

73.0 (66.0, 80.0)

74.0 (67.0, 80.0)

0.192

  Waist (cm)

84.3 (77.9, 91.4)

84.9 (78.6, 92.0)

0.264

  Hips (cm)

92.1 (88.8, 95.5)

92.6 (89.3, 96.2)

0.049

  Smoking (%)

471 (43.3%)

284 (43.7%)

0.870

  Drinking (%)

306 (28.1%)

202 (31.1%)

0.190

  FH. hypertension (%)

545 (50.1%)

367 (56.5%)

0.010

  FH. diabetes (%)

169 (15.5%)

110 (16.9%)

0.445

  Hypertension (%)

142 (13.1%)

152 (23.4%)

<0.001

  Diabetes (%)

25 (2.3%)

14 (2.2%)

0.845

  Dyslipidemia (%)

430 (39.5%)

259 (39.8%)

0.894

  TC (mmol/l)

4.5 (4.1, 5.0)

4.5 (4.0, 5.0)

0.247

  HDL-C (mmol/l)

1.1 (1.0, 1.3)

1.1 (1.0, 1.3)

0.806

  LDL-C (mmol/l)

2.5 (2.1, 2.9)

2.5 (2.1, 2.9)

0.254

  Triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.4 (1.0, 2.0)

1.4 (1.0, 2.0)

0.708

  Fasting glucose (mmol/l)

4.6 (4.3, 4.9)

4.6 (4.3, 5.0)

0.501

  Serum uric acid (mmol/l)

277.0 (255.7, 333.2)

281.3 (224.8, 338.4)

0.527

  Urine albumin (mg/l)

7.2 (3.9, 13.3)

8.4 (4.4, 14.9)

0.032

  uACR (mg/mmol)

0.9 (0.6, 1.67)

1.0 (0.7, 1.9)

0.020

  eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2)

97.8 (87.5, 111.5)

97.2 (87.0, 110.6)

0.869

  baPWV (cm/s)

1181.5 (1070.1, 1322.4)

1268.5 (1139.8, 1409.4)

<0.001

  Cornell index (mm × ms)

1356.8 (1032.5, 1710.0)

1440.3 (1112.1, 1797.2)

0.004

  1. Continuous variables were shown as mean ± SD if normally distributed or median (quartile 1, quartile 3) if non-normally distributed. Categorical variables were expressed as numbers and percentages of subjects. Continuous variables between two groups were compared using the t test or Mann–Whitney U test according to the normality of distribution Categorical variables between two groups were compared with chi-squared tests
  2. BMI body mass index, baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, DBP diastolic blood pressure, EBP elevated blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HR heart rate, FH. hypertension history of hypertension, FH. diabetes history of diabetes, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, NBP normal blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, uACR urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio
  3. aNBP normal blood pressure; Normal BP was defined in childhood as SBP and DBP ≤90th percentile with the use of the BPRS tables (Blood Pressure Reference Standard Tables of Chinese children aged 3–17 years old) for age, sex, and height or SBP/DBP <120/80 mm Hg
  4. bEBP elevated blood pressure; BP was classified as elevated in childhood if SBP or DBP were ≥90th percentile with the use of the BPRS tables for age, sex, and height or SBP/DBP >120/80 mm Hg
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