Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the 1161 women grouped by household income

From: Household income and the risk of incident hypertension in employees at multiple workplaces in Japan: J-HOPE

 

Household income (million Japanese yen/year) [(thousand US dollars/year)]

 

<5.0

5.0–7.9

8.0–9.9

≥10.0

 
 

[<60.8]

[60.8–97.2]

[97.3–121.6]

[≥121.7]

 
 

n = 488

n = 359

n = 156

n = 158

P value

Age (years)

35.8 ± 10.6

40.1 ± 8.9

40.2 ± 8.9

39.7 ± 8.6

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

108.0 ± 11.8

109.3 ± 12.5

110.0 ± 12.0

109.1 ± 10.6

0.289

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

65.9 ± 9.0

66.9 ± 9.7

66.8 ± 8.9

66.5 ± 9.3

0.465

Type of occupation

    

<0.001

 Managers

1 (0.2%)

8 (2.2%)

5 (3.2%)

12 (7.6%)

 

 Professionals

65 (13.3%)

56 (15.6%)

24 (15.4%)

49 (31.0%)

 

 Technicians

27 (5.5%)

17 (4.7%)

5 (3.2%)

6 (3.8%)

 

 Clerks

165 (33.8%)

116 (32.3%)

56 (35.9%)

56 (35.4%)

 

 Service and sales workers

9 (1.8%)

4 (1.1%)

1 (0.6%)

1 (0.6%)

 

 Craft and related trade workers

15 (3.1%)

10 (2.8%)

2 (1.3%)

3 (1.9%)

 

 Machine operators

20 (4.1%)

21 (5.9%)

5 (3.2%)

2 (1.3%)

 

 Laborers

94 (19.3%)

59 (16.4%)

25 (16.0%)

16 (10.1%)

 

 Others

92 (18.9%)

68 (18.9%)

33 (21.2%)

13 (8.2%)

 

Number of family members

2 (1–9)

3 (1–8)

3 (1–7)

3 (1–8)

<0.001

Smoking habit

    

0.098

 Never

421 (86.3%)

320 (89.1%)

136 (87.2%)

142 (89.9%)

 

 Ex-smoker

29 (5.9%)

9 (2.5%)

3 (1.9%)

5 (3.2%)

 

 Current smoker

38 (7.8%)

30 (8.4%)

17 (10.9%)

11 (7.0%)

 

Alcohol drinking habit

    

0.249

 Nondrinker

258 (52.9%)

205 (57.1%)

86 (55.1%)

74 (46.8%)

 

 Occasional drinker

181 (37.1%)

112 (31.2%)

46 (29.5%)

63 (39.9%)

 

 Light daily drinker

36 (7.4%)

35 (9.7%)

19 (12.2%)

17 (10.8%)

 

 Heavy daily drinker

13 (2.7%)

7 (2.0%)

5 (3.2%)

4 (2.5%)

 

Body mass index

    

0.127

 <25 kg/m2

454 (93.0%)

324 (90.3%)

139 (89.1%)

144 (91.1%)

 

 ≥25 kg/m2

34 (7.0%)

35 (9.7%)

17 (10.9%)

14 (8.9%)

 

Diabetes

4 (0.8%)

3 (0.8%)

3 (1.9%)

4 (2.5%)

0.287

Hypercholesterolemia

55 (11.3%)

70 (19.5%)

29 (18.6%)

21 (13.3%)

0.014

  1. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (minimum–maximum), or the number (%) of participants in that category
  2. One-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis test, or chi-square test was used to compare each characteristic in each household income group