Table 4 Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident hypertension in women grouped by household income

From: Household income and the risk of incident hypertension in employees at multiple workplaces in Japan: J-HOPE

 

Household income (million Japanese yen/year) [(thousand US dollars/year)]

 

<5.0 [<60.8]

5.0–7.9 [60.8–97.2]

8.0–9.9 [97.3–121.6]

≥10.0 [≥121.7]

P value for trend

Overall

     

 Participants

488

359

156

158

 

 Person-years of follow-up

897

659

292

282

 

 Cases of incident hypertension

24

24

10

7

 

 Incidence rate (/1000 person-years)

26.8

36.4

34.2

24.8

 

 Hazard ratio, model 1

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (0.55–1.82)

0.81 (0.36–1.71)

0.67 (0.25–1.60)

0.350

 Hazard ratio, model 2

1.00 (reference)

1.05 (0.57–1.94)

0.78 (0.33–1.71)

0.65 (0.22–1.72)

0.372

 Hazard ratio, model 3

1.00 (reference)

1.06 (0.58–1.96)

0.78 (0.33–1.71)

0.66 (0.22–1.74)

0.379

 Hazard ratio, model 4

1.00 (reference)

0.98 (0.53–1.82)

0.75 (0.32–1.66)

0.57 (0.20–1.51)

0.258

 Hazard ratio, model 5

1.00 (reference)

0.99 (0.53–1.83)

0.74 (0.31–1.65)

0.58 (0.20–1.54)

0.267

  1. Five different Cox proportional hazard regression models were used as follows:
  2. Model 1, adjusted for age, baseline systolic blood pressure, and worksite
  3. Model 2, adjusted for covariates included in model 1 + number of family members, smoking habit, and type of occupation
  4. Model 3, adjusted for covariates included in model 2 + alcohol drinking habit
  5. Model 4, adjusted for covariates included in model 2 + body mass index
  6. Model 5, adjusted for covariates included in model 2 + alcohol drinking habit and body mass index
  7. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, and/or self-reported hypertension [17]
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