Table 5 Comparisons between two groups divided by 3 of the total stress score before and after the state of emergency.

From: Influence of stress induced by the first announced state of emergency due to coronavirus disease 2019 on outpatient blood pressure management in Japan

 

Jun–Mar 2020

During the state of emergency

The total stress score

<3

≧3

 

<3

≧3

 
 

n = 508

n = 166

p value by unpaired t test

n = 508

n = 166

p value by ANCOVA

Age

66.7 ± 12.5

67.3 ± 12.1

0.59

   

Gender (Male)

318 (63%)

73 (44%)

<0.001

   

Office SBP (mmHg)

137.5 ± 18.1

135.3 ± 16.1

0.16

138.7 ± 18.5

140.1 ± 19.4

0.04

Office DBP (mmHg)

78.4 ± 12.2

78.6 ± 11.7

0.88

79.1 ± 11.8

80.4 ± 13.1

0.13

Office MAP (mmHg)

98.1 ± 12.3

97.5 ± 11.4

0.57

99.9 ± 12.3

100.3 ± 13.4

0.048

Home SBP (mmHg)

127.9 ± 10.1

128.6 ± 11.0

0.48

126.3 ± 9.9

127.6 ± 11.3

0.18

Home DBP (mmHg)

76.1 ± 9.1

75.9 ± 8.7

0.85

75.1 ± 9.1

76.2 ± 9.6

0.01

Home MAP (mmHg)

93.3 ± 8.2

93.5 ± 7.9

0.88

92.2 ± 8.0

93.3 ± 9.1

0.02

BW (kg)

64.5 ± 12.4

64.3 ± 14.1

0.87

64.4 ± 12.5

64.4 ± 14.1

0.70

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

69.2 ± 18.0

66.1 ± 17.3

0.08

67.8 ± 18.0

65.7 ± 17.6

0.68

HbA1c(mmol/mol (%))

47.7 ± 10.8 (6.5 ± 1.0)

47.6 ± 10.3 (6.5 ± 0.9)

0.92

48.0 ± 10.2 (6.5 ± 0.9)

47.9 ± 9.9 (6.5 ± 0.9)

0.89

The logarithmic value of ACR

2.46 ± 1.36

2.45 ± 1.32

0.95

2.55 ± 1.28

2.65 ± 1.34

0.12

Estimated salt intake (g/day)

9.1 ± 2.1

9.0 ± 2.0

0.70

8.9 ± 2.4

8.8 ± 2.5

0.69

Urine Na/K ratio

1.62 ± 0.86

1.56 ± 0.80

0.55

1.57 ± 1.11

1.63 ± 1.17

0.68

The total stress score

<3

≧3

 
 

n = 508

n = 166

p value by unpaired t test

The total stress score

−0.5 ± 2.1

4.5 ± 1.5

<0.001

The frequency of the answers “much worsening” or “ a little worsening”

p value by chi-square test

 Daily stress

210 (41%)

145 (87%)

<0.001

 Dietary intake

44 (9%)

73 (44%)

<0.001

 Salt intake

4 (1%)

38 (23%)

<0.001

Frequency of dinner or lunch at home

7 (1%)

9 (5%)

<0.001

 Amount of exercise

143 (29%)

123 (74%)

<0.001

 Quality of sleep

39 (8%)

50 (30%)

<0.001

 Amount of alcohol intake

12 (2%)

16 (10%)

<0.001

 Adherence to taking medications

12 (2%)

5 (3%)

0.64

Feel fear for the relationship between COVID-19 and hypertension

259 (51%)a

157 (95%)a

<0.001

  1. Data shown are mean ± standard deviation, or numbers (%).
  2. ANCOVA analysis of covariance, ACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, BW body weight, COVID-19 coronavirus disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, MAP mean arterial pressure.
  3. aAnswers “Yes, moderately” or “Yes, strongly”.
Back to article page