Table 1 Characteristics of study participants with untreated hypertension according to morning urinary Na/K ratio
Morning urinary Na/K ratio for 10 days | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<1.0 | 1.0–1.9 | 2.0–2.9 | 3.0–3.9 | 4.0–4.9 | 5.0–5.9 | 6.0–6.9 | 7.0–7.9 | ≥8.0 | P for linear trend | |
Numbers | 6 | 57 | 415 | 787 | 752 | 534 | 266 | 158 | 147 | |
Age (years) (means ± SD) | 54.2 ± 13.2 | 59.0 ± 11.1 | 59.1 ± 13.1 | 58.5 ± 13.5 | 57.4 ± 13.5 | 56.8 ± 13.9 | 57.3 ± 14.1 | 56.4 ± 12.8 | 58.7 ± 13.5 | 0.033 |
Sex (number, %) | ||||||||||
Men | 0 (0.0) | 10 (17.5) | 95 (22.9) | 178 (22.6) | 179 (23.8) | 147 (27.5) | 88 (33.1) | 59 (37.3) | 64 (43.5) | <0.001 |
Women | 6 (100.0) | 47 (82.5) | 320 (77.1) | 609 (77.4) | 573 (76.2) | 387 (72.5) | 178 (66.9) | 99 (62.7) | 83 (56.5) | <0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) (means ± SD) | 21.1 ± 1.8 | 22.4 ± 3.8 | 22.2 ± 2.9 | 22.6 ± 3.2 | 22.6 ± 3.2 | 22.8 ± 3.2 | 22.9 ± 3.3 | 23.5 ± 3.6 | 22.8 ± 3.1 | <0.001 |
Morning urinary Na/K ratio for 10 days (means ± SD) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 6.4 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 0.3 | 9.8 ± 2.1 | <0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) (means ± SD) | 122.9 ± 25.8 | 117.5 ± 11.9 | 119.2 ± 13.8 | 121.7 ± 15.3 | 121.3 ± 15.1 | 123.8 ± 16.3 | 125.9 ± 17.8 | 128.6 ± 17.5 | 130.5 ± 18.8 | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) (means ± SD) | 73.5 ± 13.4 | 71.4 ± 8.8 | 72.3 ± 8.9 | 73.0 ± 9.7 | 73.2 ± 9.6 | 74.6 ± 9.3 | 76.0 ± 10.2 | 77.6 ± 10.9 | 78.9 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
Drinking status (number, %) | ||||||||||
Never-drinker | 4 (66.7) | 28 (49.1) | 232 (55.9) | 400 (50.8) | 378 (50.3) | 290 (54.3) | 127 (47.7) | 75 (47.5) | 68 (46.3) | 0.063 |
Ex-drinker | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.3) | 13 (3.1) | 18 (2.3) | 23 (3.1) | 8 (1.5) | 8 (3.0) | 3 (1.9) | 2 (1.4) | 0.165 |
<23 g/day | 1 (16.7) | 21 (36.8) | 119 (28.7) | 267 (33.9) | 254 (33.8) | 157 (29.4) | 81 (30.5) | 46 (29.1) | 45 (30.6) | 0.408 |
≥23 g/day | 1 (16.7) | 5 (8.8) | 51 (12.3) | 102 (13.0) | 97 (12.9) | 79 (14.8) | 50 (18.8) | 34 (21.5) | 32 (21.8) | <0.001 |
Home hypretensiona (number, %) | 2 (33.3) | 7 (12.3) | 62 (14.9) | 181 (23.0) | 149 (19.8) | 124 (23.2) | 93 (35.0) | 59 (37.3) | 62 (42.2) | <0.001 |
Information on treatment for hypertension (number, %) | ||||||||||
Discontinued treatment | ||||||||||
Yes | 1 (16.7) | 3 (5.3) | 9 (2.2) | 18 (2.3) | 12 (1.6) | 9 (1.7) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.3) | 4 (2.7) | 0.111 |
Undertaking lifestyle modification without medication | ||||||||||
Yes | 1 (16.7) | 7 (12.3) | 27 (6.5) | 55 (7.0) | 53 (7.1) | 31 (5.8) | 17 (6.4) | 13 (8.2) | 19 (12.9) | 0.321 |
Under observation without medication | ||||||||||
Yes | 1 (16.7) | 3 (5.3) | 18 (4.3) | 36 (4.6) | 30 (4.0) | 31 (5.8) | 15 (5.6) | 11 (7.0) | 9 (6.1) | 0.139 |
Ever been diagnosed with hypertension | ||||||||||
Yes | 3 (50.0) | 16 (28.1) | 62 (14.9) | 129 (16.4) | 106 (14.1) | 80 (15.0) | 36 (13.5) | 30 (19.0) | 34 (23.1) | 0.659 |
