Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with anxiety and without anxiety in the present study*

From: Anxiety, home blood pressure monitoring, and cardiovascular events among older hypertension patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

Characteristics in the pre-epidemic phase

Without anxiety

(n = 3462)

With anxiety

(n = 262)

P Value†

Age, years

68.3 ± 4.7

68.7 ± 4.7

0.19

Distribution of age, No. (%)

 60–70 years

2492 (72.0)

182 (69.5)

0.38

 ≥70 years

970 (28.0)

80 (30.5)

 

Men, No. (%)

1611 (46.5)

120 (45.8)

0.82

Body mass index, kg/m2

25.7 ± 3.2

25.7 ± 3.2

0.80

Morning SBP, mmHg

130.9 ± 9.3

131.8 ± 10.0

0.15

 <140 mmHg, No. (%)

2864 (82.7)

204 (77.9)

0.13

 140–149 mmHg, No. (%)

534 (15.4)

51 (19.4)

 

 >150 mmHg, No. (%)

64 (1.8)

7 (2.7)

 

Morning DBP, mmHg

79.8 ± 7.6

79.9 ± 8.0

0.78

Fasting glucose, mmol/L

6.1 ± 1.6

6.3 ± 2.0

0.19

Lipids profile, mmol/L

 Total cholesterol

4.9 ± 1.1

5.0 ± 1.2

0.37

 Triglycerides

1.2 (0.8–1.8)

1.6 (0.8–1.8)

0.51

 HDL-C

1.3 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.3

0.71

 LDL-C

2.7 ± 0.9

2.7 ± 1.0

0.83

Educational level, No. (%)

 Middle school or below

1834 (53.0)

136 (51.9)

0.74

 High school or above

1628 (47.0)

126 (48.1)

 

Smoking status, No. (%)

 Never

2466 (71.4)

198 (75.6)

0.08

 Former

423 (12.2)

35 (13.3)

 

 Current

565 (16.4)

29 (11.0)

 

Alcohol intake, No. (%)

 Never

2337 (67.7)

182 (69.5)

0.76

 Former

174 (5.0)

11 (4.2)

 

 Current

943 (27.3)

69 (26.3)

 

Medical history, No. (%)

 Diabetic mellitus

674 (19.5)

54 (20.6)

0.65

 Coronary heart disease

184 (5.3)

14 (5.3)

0.98

Medication usage, No. (%)

 Lipid-lowering agents

866 (25.0)

65 (24.8)

0.94

 Hypoglycemic agents

630 (18.2)

48 (18.3)

0.96

 Aspirin

327 (9.4)

21 (9.4)

0.44

The 10-year risk of CVD§, %

19.2 ± 8.4

19.2 ± 8.7

0.70

The 10-year risk of CVD ≥ 15%, No. (%)§

2199 (63.9)

169 (64.8)

0.78

  1. Values were given as mean ± SD, number (%), or median (interquartile range)
  2. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, CVD cardiovascular disease
  3. *Patients were classified into two groups according to the generalized anxiety disorder scale-7 scores, which of ≤4 and ≥5 were interpreted as representing patients without or with anxiety, respectively.
  4. †P values were calculated by Student t test or Mann–Whitney nonparametric test for quantitative variables, or by Chi-square test for qualitative variables, when appropriate
  5. §The 10-year CVD risk was estimated by Framingham risk score, and patients with a ≥15% risk score were considered at high risk
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