Table 4 PAFs of SHS exposure and maternal smoking to HDP

From: Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

 

n

HDP

aRR

95% CI

PAF(%)

95% CI

  

SHS exposure in non smokers

44747

1256

      

 rarely

27097

698

Reference

     

 1–3 days/week

10585

313

1.046

0.917–1.195

1.083

−2.125–4.291

3.80d

 4–7 days/week

7065

245

1.177

1.017–1.363

2.721

0.142–5.301

SHS exposure

75826

2214

      

 rarely

38368

1013

Reference

     

 1–3 days/week

17819

537

1.039b

0.937–1.153

0.912

−1.577–3.401

3.53d

 4–7 days/week

19639

664

1.104b

0.990–1.230

2.617

-0.327–5.561

maternal smoking

75826

2214

      

 non smoker

44747

1256

Reference

     

 quit before pregnancy

17880

527

1.039c

0.9376–1.151

0.907

−1.558 3.372

1.81d

 quit during pregnancy

9813

316

1.029c

0.9016–1.174

0.369

−1.373 2.111

 continued smoking

3386

115

1.120c

0.9125–1.374

0.531

−0.481 1.543

  1. PAF population attributable fraction, HDP hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, SHS secondhand smoke, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, K6 Kessler psychological distress scale, aRR adjusted relative risk, CI confidence interval
  2. aAdjusted for age, parity, body mass index before pregnancy, family income, educational level of the participant and partner, drinking status of the participant, a history of HDP and GDM, and K6 score
  3. bAdjusted for smoking status of the participant in additional to a
  4. cAdjusted for SHS exposure (frequency) in additional to a
  5. dComposite PAF of each category
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