Table 2 Multilevel logistic regression analysis in Nepal (NDHS, 2016)
Variables | Model 1 (Null) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model3 AOR (95% CI) | Model4 AOR (95% CI) | Model5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed Effect | |||||
Individual Factors | |||||
Age (Ref: <40) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
40–60 | 3.88 (3.52, 4.28) | 3.21 (3.07, 3.80) | 3.48 (3.12, 3.90) | ||
60+ | 7.06 (6.29, 7.92) | 7.98 (6.94, 9.18) | 8.20 (7.12, 9.45) | ||
Sex (Ref: Female) | 1.34 (1.23, 1.46) | 1.34 (1.22, 1.48) | 1.34 (1.22, 1.49) | ||
Smoke (Ref: No) | 1.33 (1.16, 1.52) | 1.33 (1.15, 1.52) | |||
Alcohol (Ref: No) | 1.13 (0.83, 1.55) | 1.16 (0.85, 1.60) | |||
Literacy (Ref: No formal education) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.12) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.15) | |||
Food Insecurity (Ref: Food Secure) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) | |||
BMI (Ref: Normal) | |||||
Underweight | 0.63 (0.55, 0.73) | 0.64 (0.56, 0.73) | |||
Overweight | 2.61 (2.36, 2.88) | 2.65 (2.40, 2,93) | |||
Area level factor | |||||
Area Deprivation | |||||
Highly deprived | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Moderate deprived | 1.43 (1.19, 1.69) | 1.41 (1.26, 1.85) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.53) | 1.29 (1.07, 1.56) | |
Less deprived | 1.42 (1.19, 1.70) | 1.52 (1.26, 1.85) | 1.24 (1.02, 1.50) | 1.21 (1.01, 1.47) | |
Least deprived | 1.82 (1.53, 2.20) | 2.25 (1.85, 2.73) | 1.50 (1.23, 1.82) | 1.59 (1.30, 1.89) | |
p-trend | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | |
Cross-Level Interaction | |||||
Literate*High Deprived | 1.62 (1.30, 2.02) | ||||
Literate*Mod. deprived | 0.81 (0.99, 0.66) | ||||
Literate*Less deprived | 1.10 (0.90, 1.34) | ||||
Literate*Least deprived | 0.74 (0.59, 0.94) | ||||
Random effect | |||||
Variance (SE) | 0.24 (0.03) | 0.21 (0.03) | 0.26 (0.03) | 0.22 (0.03) | 0.18 (0.03) |
VPC | 6.8% | 6% | 7.3% | 6.3% | 5.2% |
PCV | Ref | 12.5% | -8.3% | 8.3% | 30.8% |
MOR | 1.59 | 1.55 | 1.60 | 1.56 | 1.50 |
Model fit Statistics | |||||
Log Likelihood | 15531 | 15497 | 13949 | 13235 | 13187 |
AIC | 15535 | 15504 | 13967 | 13262 | 13221 |
BIC | 15542 | 15515 | 14003 | 13318 | 13294 |
