Fig. 1

Molecular analysis of renal injury and fibrosis in the cortex of rats with IVC ligation. A The mRNA level of tubular injury and fibrosis-related genes was measured by reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the cortex. The mRNA expression was normalized to Rplp2, Ppia, and Pgk1. B Representative immunoblotting and quantitative data of tubular injury and fibrosis-related proteins in the cortex. The protein expression was normalized to GAPDH. Data are presented as individual values and mean ± SEM; the relative value of the right contralateral non-congested kidney without tofogliflozin treatment was arbitrarily set to “1”; n = 12 per group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns not significant (P > 0.05) by Steel-Dwass test. R, right kidney; L, left kidney; CMC, rats without tofogliflozin treatment; Tofo, rats with tofogliflozin treatment; A.U., arbitrary unit