Table 3 The effect of interventions on serum and urine osmolarity

From: A study on the early metabolic effects of salt and fructose consumption: the protective role of water

 

Length of follow-up

  
 

Baseline

120 min

p*

p†

Serum osmolarity, mOsm/Kg

     Group 1

289.0 (287.1–290.9)

292.3 (290.4–294.1)

<0.001

<0.001

     Group 2

290.1 (288.2–291.9)

289.5 (287.6–291.3)

     Group 3

287.8 (285.9–289.7)

291.5 (289.6–293.3)

     Group 4

289.9 (288.0–291.8)

290.8 (288.9–292.7)

     p‡

0.31

<0.001

Urine osmolarity, mOsm/Kg

     Group 1

314.0 (253.3–374.7)

380.5 (319.9–441.2)

<0.001

<0.001

     Group 2

294.3 (233.6–354.9)

308.2 (247.5–368.8)

     Group 3

312.7 (252.1–373.4)

396.9 (336.3–457.6)

     Group 4

339.8 (279.2–400.5)

330.9 (270.3–391.6)

     p‡

0.78

<0.001

  1. Data are presented as mean (95% CI) at baseline and 2 h
  2. Analysis was conducted using a mixed model for repeated measures, adjusting for baseline values
  3. *p Value for time effect—trend over time in all arms
  4. †p Value for treatment × time interaction—evaluates if changes in one arm are different from the changes in the other arms
  5. ‡p Value for comparison between arms at each moment
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