Table 1 Health-related and socioeconomic characteristics of participants with home normotension at the baseline survey: 2013–2016
From: Depressive symptoms as risk factors for the onset of home hypertension: a prospective cohort study
Participants n = 3082 | Non-depressive symptoms n = 2353 | Depressive symptoms n = 729 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year), mean ± SD | 54.2 ± 12.6 | 55.4 ± 12.3 | 50.3 ± 12.8 | < 0.001 |
Sex (female), n (%) | 2492 (80.9) | 1846 (78.5) | 646 (88.6) | < 0.001 |
BMI, mean ± SD | 21.7 ± 3.0 | 21.7 ± 2.9 | 21.6 ± 3.3 | 0.157 |
Blood pressure and heart rate, mean ± SD | ||||
Research SBP (mmHg) | 120.3 ± 14.1 | 121.1 ± 14.2 | 117.9 ± 13.7 | < 0.001 |
Research DBP (mmHg) | 74.2 ± 9.0 | 74.4 ± 9.1 | 73.6 ± 8.9 | 0.025 |
Research HR (/min) | 65.9 ± 9.2 | 65.7 ± 9.2 | 66.6 ± 9.0 | 0.024 |
Number of morning BP measurements | 13.1 ± 2.6 | 13.2 ± 2.5 | 12.9 ± 2.8 | 0.024 |
Morning SBP (mmHg) | 116.8 ± 10.0 | 117.1 ± 10.0 | 115.8 ± 9.8 | 0.003 |
Morning DBP (mmHg) | 69.9 ± 7.1 | 70.0 ± 7.1 | 69.6 ± 6.9 | 0.184 |
Morning HR (/min) | 67.0 ± 7.7 | 66.6 ± 7.6 | 68.4 ± 7.8 | < 0.001 |
Number of evening BP measurements | 12.7 ± 2.7 | 12.8 ± 2.7 | 12.5 ± 2.9 | 0.001 |
Evening SBP (mmHg) | 114.1 ± 10.2 | 114.3 ± 10.1 | 113.3 ± 10.4 | 0.017 |
Evening DBP (mmHg) | 66.9 ± 7.2 | 66.6 ± 7.6 | 66.8 ± 7.5 | 0.948 |
Evening HR (/min) | 69.0 ± 7.6 | 68.8 ± 7.6 | 69.5 ± 7.6 | 0.018 |
Average home SBP (mmHg) | 115.4 ± 9.5 | 115.7 ± 9.4 | 114.6 ± 9.6 | 0.004 |
Average home DBP (mmHg) | 68.4 ± 6.8 | 68.4 ± 6.7 | 68.2 ± 6.9 | 0.467 |
Blood and urine tests | ||||
HbA1c (%), mean ± SD | 5.41 ± 0.37 | 5.43 ± 0.37 | 5.37 ± 0.38 | < 0.001 |
LDL (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 125.4 ± 30.5 | 126.2 ± 30.7 | 122.8 ± 29.8 | 0.010 |
HDL (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 67.6 ± 16.3 | 67.3 ± 16.3 | 68.3 ± 16.3 | 0.169 |
TG (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 88.7 ± 54.9 | 88.7 ± 54.2 | 88.6 ± 57.3 | 0.961 |
G-GTP (IU), mean ± SD | 23.9 ± 23.4 | 24.3 ± 24.1 | 22.5 ± 21.0 | 0.061 |
Cr (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 0.64 ± 0.13 | 0.65 ± 0.13 | 0.62 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 |
eGFR(mL/min/1.73 m2), mean ± SD | 82.3 ± 15.2 | 81.6 ± 14.8 | 84.7 ± 16.3 | < 0.001 |
Urine Na/K ratio, mean ± SD | 3.2 ± 0.68 | 3.2 ± 0.67 | 3.3 ± 0.70 | 0.433 |
NaCl intake*, mean ± SD | 12.2 ± 2.7 | 12.3 ± 2.7 | 12.0 ± 2.7 | 0.005 |
Medical history | ||||
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 383 (12.4) | 310 (13.2) | 73 (10.0) | 0.028 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 71 (2.3) | 51 (2.2) | 20 (2.7) | 0.445 |
Lifestyle | ||||
Drinking habit | 1628 (52.8) | 1287 (54.7) | 341 (46.8) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption (g/day), median (IQR) | 0.66 (0.00–6.98) | 0.91 (0.00–7.65) | 0.00 (0.00–5.01) | 0.006 |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.017 | |||
Never smoker | 2158 (70.0) | 1638 (69.6) | 520 (71.3) | |
Former smoker | 698 (22.6) | 556 (23.6) | 142 (19.5) | |
Current smoker | 223 (7.2) | 158 (6.7) | 65 (8.9) | |
Regular exercise, n (%) | 2021 (65.3) | 1609 (68.4) | 403 (55.4) | < 0.001 |
CES-D | 12.0 ± 6.9 | 9.0 ± 4.1 | 21.6 ± 5.0 | < 0.001 |
AIS | 3.7 ± 3.0 | 2.9 ± 2.3 | 6.0 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
Educational level, n (%) | 0.623 | |||
Less than high school | 108 (3.5) | 82 (3.5) | 26 (3.6) | |
High school | 1408 (45.7) | 1087 (46.2) | 321 (44.0) | |
More than high school | 1545 (50.1) | 1168 (49.6) | 377 (51.7) | |
Others | 15 (0.5) | 12 (0.5) | 3 (0.4) | |
House damage in the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Total damage | 242 (7.9) | 150 (6.4) | 92 (12.6) | |
Major damage | 221 (7.2) | 168 (7.1) | 53 (7.2) | |
Half-damaged | 285 (9.2) | 209 (8.9) | 76 (10.4) | |
Partial damage | 1358 (44.0) | 1070 (45.5) | 388 (53.2) | |
No damage | 854 (27.7) | 667 (28.3) | 187 (25.7) | |
Unaffected area | 57 (1.8) | 44 (1.9) | 13 (1.8) | |
Examination date, n (%) | ||||
Winter | 996 (32.3) | 751 (31.9) | 245 (33.6) | 0.419 |
Year | 0.881 | |||
2013 | 236 (7.7) | 177 (7.5) | 59 (8.1) | |
2014 | 1851 (60.1) | 1413 (60.1) | 438 (60.1) | |
2015 | 872 (28.3) | 666 (28.3) | 206 (28.3) | |
2016 | 123 (4.0) | 97 (4.1) | 26 (3.6) | |
