Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics at baseline and after three years in patients with hypertension
Control group | Regular exercise group | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Baseline (n = 385) | 3 years (n = 385) | Baseline (n = 254) | 3 years (n = 254) |
Age, yr | 61 ± 9 | 64 ± 8 * | ||
Men, n (%) | 218 (56.6) | 142 (55.9) | ||
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.0 ± 3.8 | 25.0 ± 4.0 | 24.2 ± 3.1* | 24.1 ± 3.3* |
Heart rate, bpm | 72 ± 13 | 70 ± 13† | 71 ± 11 | 69 ± 13† |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 135 ± 15 | 133 ± 15 † | 134 ± 15 | 135 ± 15* |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80 ± 10 | 78 ± 11 † | 80 ± 11 | 78 ± 11† |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.17 ± 0.93 | 5.04 ± 0.80 † | 5.17 ± 0.85 | 5.04 ± 0.88 † |
Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.13 (0.89, 1.84) | 1.22 (0.88, 1.65) † | 1.23 (0.85, 1.73) | 1.19 (0.82, 1.64) † |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.50 ± 0.39 | 1.53 ± 0.39 † | 1.53 ± 0.41 | 1.53 ± 0.41 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.00 ± 0.75 | 3.00 ± 0.72† | 3.03 ± 0.78 | 3.00 ± 0.75† |
Creatinine, µmol/L | 68.07 ± 18.56 | 71.60 ± 29.17† | 68.07 ± 17.68 | 70.72 ± 20.33† |
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.83 ± 1.05 | 5.83 ± 1.28 | 5.77 ± 1.05 | 5.72 ± 0.94 |
Hemoglobin A1c, % | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 6.0 ± 0.7† | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 5.9 ± 0.6 |
hsCRP, ng/mL | 480 (255, 1010) | 506 (240, 1145) | 489 (282, 908) | 525 (284, 1040) |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 385 (100) | 254 (100) | ||
Dyslipidemia | 254 (66.3) | 257 (66.8) | 169 (66.5) | 180 (70.9) |
Diabetes mellitus | 77 (20.3) | 82 (26.8) | 45 (17.9) | 48 (24.0) |
Current Smoking, n (%) | 50 (13.2) | 44 (11.4) | 23 (9.2) | 21 (8.3) |
Medication, n (%) | ||||
Antihypertensive drugs | 377 (97.9) | 368 (95.6) | 248 (97.6) | 245 (96.5) |
Calcium channel blockers | 255 (66.2) | 252 (65.5) | 164 (64.6) | 175 (68.9) |
ARBs/ACEIs | 255 (66.2) | 265 (68.9) | 176 (69.3) | 160 (63.0) |
Aldosterone antagonists | 13 (3.4) | 18 (4.7) | 4 (1.6) | 6 (2.4) |
Lipid lowering drugs | 140 (36.4) | 157 (40.8) | 84 (33.1) | 101 (39.8) |
Anti-diabetic drugs | 47 (12.2) | 55 (14.3) | 20 (7.9) | 24 (9.5) |
baPWV, cm/seconds | 1600 (1394, 2017) | 1601 (1407, 1996) | 1567 (1440, 1979) | 1590 (1444, 2534) |
FMD, % | 4.6 (3.0, 6.7) | 4.4 (2.5, 6.4) | 4.4 (2.7, 6.3) | 4.5 (2.8, 7.2)† |
