Fig. 7
Application to chick forebrain morphogenesis from SS10 to SS13. a Estimated deformation maps and spatial patterns of local deformation characteristics from SS10 to SS13 for one embryo. Due to limitations in the imaging resolution, deformation dynamics were only analyzed for the dorsal apical surface (see Supplementary Fig. 11(D) for results from another embryo). As with the case for SS5-SS10, no clear bias in area growth rate was observed. In regards to deformation anisotropy, its value remained high especially in the OV region (or evaginated region). During these somite stages, differences in the degree of anisotropy were clearer between OV and non-OV regions (quantified in (d)). The direction of deformation anisotropy was generally biased along the medio-lateral axis although the pattern was growing more complex with the increasing morphological complexity. b Trajectory data from small aggregates of Q-rods (ranging 1–20 micrometers in diameter) attached to the apical surface that were used to infer the tissue deformation map. c The precision of the estimated maps was evaluated by prediction errors. The mean prediction error was on the order of a few cell diameters (on the apical surface). The yellow and blue dots indicate results for the u 1 and u 2 coordinates, respectively. d Quantitative comparison of tissue deformation characteristics on the dorsal surface between OV and non-OV regions. The left graph shows the ratio of the average degree of deformation anisotropy and the ratio of average area growth rate between these two regions. Each point shows a result for each reconstructed deformation map. The difference in deformation anisotropy between OV and non-OV regions was clearer at later stages. The right panels show examples of distributions of deformation anisotropy and area growth rate at different positions for two maps ((1) and (2) in the left panel)
