Fig. 3
From: Oscillatory vapour shielding of liquid metal walls in nuclear fusion devices

Vapour shielding dynamics. The surface temperature at the target centre (a) and edge (b) and Sn emission c–e during 17.2–18 s after initiating a 22.0 MW m−2 He discharge. Three characteristic phases within a typical oscillation period are indicated by the roman numerals I–III. c The total line-integrated intensity at 425.5 nm and d, e show, respectively, the penetration into the upstream plasma and the radial extent of the vapour cloud