Fig. 1

AR signalling regulates homologous recombination (HR) and the DNA damage response. a Heat map showing expression of homologous recombination regulators following AR RNAi knockdown, AR transcript and known AR targets/controls are shown mined from the microarray data from LNCaP cells¹⁹. b Time course of formation of RAD51 foci showing high content cytometry-based quantification of RAD51 nuclear foci number per nucleus in ‘low AR; and ‘high AR’ C4-2 cells in response to 10 Gy radiation. Statistical significance was determined using the Holm–Sidak method, with alpha = 5.000% (n = 3). Scale bar = 1 μm. c Quantification of gene conversion assay from analysis of GFP-positive C4-2-DRGFP cells transfected with non-targeting control siRNA (siNT) or siAR along with ISce1 endonuclease for 72 h followed by detection of GFP-positive cells by flow cytometry. P-value by two-sided Student’s t-test (n = 3); the data represent mean ± SEM. d Foci analysis time course showing high content cytometry-based quantification of the number of γH2AX foci in ‘low AR’ and ‘high AR’ C4-2 cell nuclei in response to radiation (10 Gy). Statistical significance determined using the Holm–Sidak method, with alpha = 5.000%. (n = 3). Scale bar = 1 μm. e High content cytometry analysis of MRN foci in ‘high AR’ and ‘low AR’ C4-2 cells treated with hydroxyurea (HU). Upper panel shows ‘high AR’ and ‘low AR’ nuclei with MRN foci (red dots), lower panel shows a histogram with means of the errors; P-value by two-sided Student’s t-test (n = 2). f Micrographs from biopsies showing examples of Ki67- and RAD51 positive cells and Ki67 positive alone. Scale bar = 5 μm. g Graph showing percentage of RAD51-positive cells in the population of Ki67-positive cells in biopsies after indicated treatment. Error bars shows SEM and ** = P < 0.01, Mann–Whitney test