Fig. 4

Simulated Coulomb explosion momentum mapping signal. a Temporal evolution of the deuteron momenta from 0 to 100 fs (axes correspond to directions parallel and perpendicular to the C–C axis) with an assumed instrumental broadening of 3.8 × 10⁻²² kg m s⁻¹. b Ratio of signal from red-shaded region where \({0^ \circ } \le {\rm {tan}}{^{ - 1}}({p_{||}}/{p_ \bot }) < {60^ \circ }\) and blue-shaded region, where \({60^ \circ } \le {\rm {tan}}{^{ - 1}}({p_{||}}/{p_ \bot }) < {120^ \circ }\). Solid line is from simulations, which is compared with the experiments (dashed line). c The total kinetic energy release (KER) and angular distribution of C + /C + /D + /D + coincidences integrated over all time delays. The CCD angle is defined as \(\tilde \theta = {\rm {cos}}{^{ - 1}}\left( {\frac{{{\rm{sgn}}\left[ {\left( {p_{{{\rm C}_a}}} \cdot {p_{{{\rm D}_2}}} \right)} \right]\left( {\left( {{p_{{{\rm C}_a}}} - {p_{{{\rm C}_b}}}} \right) \cdot {p_{{{\rm D}_1}}}} \right)}}{{\left| {{p_{{C_a}}} - {p_{{C_b}}}} \right|\left| {{p_{{D_1}}}} \right|}}} \right)\), as the angle a deuteron momentum makes with the effective C–C axis⁵