Fig. 5

Therapeutic interference of the PGD2-ILC2-IL-13-M-MDSC immunosuppressive axis. a Schematic representation of DTx treatment schedule in iCOS-T mice upon injection of APL splenocytes (one independent experiment). b Quantification of ILC2 and c M-MDSCs frequencies in control mice (CTRL), APL mice (APL) and iCOS-T APL mice (DTx) (n = 5). d Schematic representation of the schedule of PGD2 inhibitor (TM30089) and anti-IL-13 neutralizing antibody treatment in FVB/NJ mice injected with APL blasts (two independent experiments). e Comparison of serum concentrations of PGD2 (APL n = 13, PGD2i + αIL-13 n = 12), f ILC2 frequencies (APL n = 12, PGD2i + αIL-13 n = 12), g M-MDSC frequencies (APL n = 12, PGD2i + aIL-13 n = 12). h Survival curves of untreated (APL) and PGD2i + αIL-13-treated FVB/NJ mice injected with APL blasts (APL n = 12, PGD2i + αIL-13 n = 12). i Schematic representation of the schedule of PGD2 inhibitor (TM30089), anti-NKp30 blocking antibody and anti-IL-13 neutralizing antibody treatment in HIS mice injected with APL blasts (one experiment). j Representative examples and k cumulative data of luminescence measurement in untreated APL HIS mice (APL) and mice treated with PGD2 inhibitor (TM30089), anti-NKp30 blocking antibody and anti-IL-13 neutralizing antibody (COMBO) for quantification of leukaemic engraftment (n = 8). l Quantification of PGD2 concentrations (n = 8), m ILC2 frequencies (APL n = 13, COMBO n = 8) and n M-MDSCs frequencies in untreated APL HIS mice (APL) and mice treated with PGD2 inhibitor (TM30089), anti-NKp30 blocking antibody and anti-IL-13 neutralizing antibody (COMBO) (n = 8). o Survival curves of untreated APL HIS mice and APL HIS mice treated with PGD2 inhibitor (TM30089), anti-NKp30 blocking antibody and anti-IL-13 neutralizing antibody (COMBO; n = 5). Error bars are s.e.m. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test (b, c), Mann-Whitney test (e–g, k, l–n) and Log-rank test (Mantel-Cox) (h, o)