Fig. 9

Schematic illustration of AR’s role in RCC metastasis and therapy. a A schematic illustration of the proposed model that AR increases hematogenous metastasis yet decreases lymphatic metastasis of RCC. AR increases miR-185-5p by targeting its promoter. The miR-185-5p upregulates HIF2α also by targeting the promoter and results in elevation of VEGF-A. However, miR-185-5p downregulates VEGF-C by targeting the 3′ UTR. b A schematic illustration of potential targeted therapeutic strategy of combining anti-VEGFR with anti-AR