Fig. 3 | Nature Communications

Fig. 3

From: Boosting the down-shifting luminescence of rare-earth nanocrystals for biological imaging beyond 1500 nm

Fig. 3

Reducing aqueous quenching effect by controlling the inert shell thickness of Er-RENPs. a Schematic illustration of the proposed quenching mechanisms of Er-RENPs in aqueous solution. b Schematic representation of shell thickness and corresponding 1550 nm downconversion emission intensity of the Er-RENPs in organic and aqueous phase upon 980 nm excitation. c Quenching rate of upconversion and downconversion emission as a function of shell thickness (from 3.2 nm to 8.1 nm). Three surface coating experiments were performed for each Er-RENPs sample. All data are presented as means ± s.d

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