Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of the formation of stable inorganic/organic hybrid SEI layer. a SCP provides organic units (organosulfide/organopolysulfide) and inorganic units (Li2S/Li2S2) in the electrolyte. b Schematics of the formation of organosulfides/organopolysulfides-Li2S/Li2S2 hybrid SEI layer. c The protection of the Li metal by the stable inorganic/organic hybrid SEI layer