Fig. 2

Morphologies of Li metal deposited onto stainless steel substrates. SEM images of Li metal deposited onto bare stainless steel substrates in the control electrolyte (a–c), S-Electrolyte (d–f), and PST-90-Electolyte (g–i) at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 and a deposition capacity of 2 mA h cm−2. Scale bars in a, b, c: 50, 10, and 10 µm. Scale bars in d, e, f: 50, 10, and 10 µm. Scale bars in g, h, i: 50, 10, and 5 µm. The data shows dense and dendrite-free Li made of highly packed Li is obtained after 10 cycles using PST-90-Electrolyte