Table 1 Comparison of the reaction conditions and performances with other catalysts for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction

ZnO-Cu₂O

300 W Xe lamp

Saturated CO₂ in water, 0.2 M Na₂CO₃

CH₄

1080 μmol g_cat ⁻¹ h⁻¹ QE = 1.5%

This work

Colloidal CdS

Medium pressure arc lamp

Saturated CO₂ in water, 0.1 M TMACl, 0.01 M hydroquinone

HCOOH, CH₂O, glyoxylic acid

3.21 μmol g_cat ⁻¹ h⁻¹ for HCOOH QE = 0.125%

Grimshaw et al. (ref. ⁴⁴)

NiO-InTaO₄

Circular fluorescent lamp

Saturated CO₂ in water, 0.2 M NaOH

CH₃OH

2.8 μmol g_cat ⁻¹ h⁻¹ QE = 0.0045%

Wu et al. (ref. ⁴⁵)

2.0% Cu/TiO₂

8 W UV Hg lamp

Saturated CO₂ in water, 0.2 M NaOH

CH₃OH

19.75 μmol g_cat ⁻¹ h⁻¹ QE = 10.02%

Wu et al. (ref. ⁴⁶)

Nafion/Pd-TiO₂

300 W Xe lamp

Saturated CO₂ in water, 0.2 M Na₂CO₃

CH₄

45 μmol g_cat ⁻¹ h⁻¹

Choi et al. (ref. ²⁹)

Ru(bpz)₃ ²⁺/Ru

λ > 420 nm

Saturated CO₂ in water/CH₃CH₂OH, 0.05 M NaHCO₃, 0.17 M TEOA

CH₄

QE = 0.04%

Willner et al. (ref. ⁴⁷)

Pt-TiO₂ thin film

400 W Xe lamp

CO₂ and water flow of 3 mL min⁻¹

CH₄

1361 μmol g_cat ⁻¹ h⁻¹ QE = 2.6%

Biswas et al. (ref. ¹¹)

AuCu-P25

1000 W Xe lamp (AM 1.5)

1.7 atm water saturated CO₂, 60 °C

CH₄

2200 μmol g_cat ⁻¹ h⁻¹

Garcia et al. (ref. ⁴⁸)