Fig. 4

The electrochemical performance of HsGDY electrodes in Na metal half-cell format. a The charge–discharge profiles of the HsGDY based electrodes at the current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹. b The rate performance of the flexible electrode for SIBs. The cycle performance of flexible electrode at the current density of c 0.1 A g⁻¹, d 0.5 A g⁻¹ and e 1 A g⁻¹. f the diffusion path of Li ions and Na ions in carbon-rich framework. (All the potential is vs. Na⁺/Na)