Fig. 3

Device performance of host–guest light-emitting electrochemical cells. The temporal optoelectronic response of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Host:Ir(R-ppy)3: Electrolyte/Al LECs with the host and electrolyte selection defined in the panels a–d. All devices featured identical host:guest:electrolyte mass stoichiometry, active-material thickness (130 nm), and drive current density (j = 7.7 mA cm−2)