Fig. 5
Possible camouflage function of BCs and their fabrication in different materials compositions. a Simulated human and ladybird beetle visions of BCs and two different leaf species. b Comparison of the structural parameters of natural and synthetic brochosomes for their optical reflectance; here, the color bar represents the experimental reflectance measurements of various synthetic BC structures and the magenta lines represent the natural brochosomes (i.e., the visible spectrum of the ladybird over R t determines the line length and position along the x-axis). These natural brochosomes include a Oncometopic orbona, male. b Proconia esmeraldae, female. c Homalodisca coagulata, male. d Proconia esmeraldae, male. e Diestostemma stesilea, male (Supplementary Fig. 24). The observing (incident) angle is 45°. Note that the geometrical parameters of the aforementioned natural brochosomes are located at the low reflection region in the optical reflectance map obtained from the reflectance measurements of the synthetic brochosomes. The normalized plot allows one to identify the corresponding antireflection design parameters of the synthetic brochosome given a specific wavelength of light. c Scanning electron micrographs showing various BCs fabricated from nickel (Ni), gold (Au), manganese oxide (MnO2), silver/manganese oxide (Ag/MnO2), and polypyrrole (PPy). Scale bars: 2 µm (Ni, Au, MnO2, PPy) and 5 µm (Ag/MnO2, inset, 2 µm)
