Fig. 1

Procedure for tracing glucose metabolism in vivo. a Composition of liquid diet used for 13C6-glucose tracer feeding (presented as g/kg and %kcal for each ingredient). The constituted liquid diet provides ca. 1000 kcal/l and a 20 g mouse is expected to consume 12.6 kcal a day. b Experimental workflow for tracking glucose metabolism in vivo. Mice were fed ad libitum 13C6-glucose enriched diet for 18 h, after which blood was collected, and organs were dissected, snap frozen and pulverized in liquid nitrogen. Samples were then extracted into three fractions: polar, protein, and lipids. Each fraction was analyzed by NMR and/or Mass Spectrometry as described in the Methods. c Feeding pattern of an NSG mouse over 18 h