Fig. 5
From: River-bed armouring as a granular segregation phenomenon
DEM simulation of a dry sheared granular bed with u top = 0.08 m s −1 equivalent to the fluid-driven sheared granular bed at \(\tau _s^* = 4.1\tau _{cs}^*\). The top layer of large grains that drives particles underneath is shown in Supplementary Fig. 9. a Model domain and initial conditions. Granular pack shown after b 5 s and c 50 s of shearing. Note rapid segregation, and depletion of the near-surface zone of large grains, as a consequence of bed load. d Evolution of armour thickness for the DEM model and experiments at two equivalent driving stresses indicated in the legend
