Fig. 1

Dye structure and an overview of interfacial electron transfer reactions. Molecular representation of Dye-X on a titanium dioxide (TiO2) particle (not drawn to scale) where different halogen substituents (X = F, Cl, Br, or I) are bound to the TPA portion of the dye. The carboxylate group serves to fix the dye to the TiO2 nanoparticle and directs the halogen substituents towards the soluble nucleophilic species (e.g., iodide)