Fig. 4

Landscape of energy levels. Summary of the ground-state and excited-state reduction potentials for the Dye-X series, relevant redox couples for an iodine-based electrolyte, and rate constants for electrolyte charge recombination (k CR), back-electron transfer (k BET), and dye regeneration (k reg). All potentials are reported in V vs. NHE. The numbered reactions correspond to Eqs. 1–5