Fig. 2

TRPA1 mediates CCL2-evoked allodynia and neuroinflammation. a CCL2 levels in sciatic nerves (at day 10 after surgery) of sham/pSNL Trpa1 ^+/+/Trpa1 ^−/− and C57BL/6 mice after HC-030031 (HC03, 100 mg kg⁻¹, i.p.), α-lipoic acid (αLA, 100 mg kg⁻¹, i.p.) or respective vehicles (veh, 4% DMSO and 4% tween 80 in isotonic saline) (n = 6, ***P < 0.001 pSNL-Trpa1 ^+/+ vs. sham-Trpa1 ^+/+ and pSNL-veh vs. sham-veh; one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analyses). b Mechanical allodynia induced by perineural CCL2 (0.1–1 µg) or vehicle (veh, isotonic saline) in C57BL/6 mice (n = 4, ***P < 0.001 veh vs. CCL2 (1 µg), two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analyses) and CCL2 (1 µg) in Trpa1 ^+/+/Trpa1 ^−/− and after HC03, αLA (both, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) or respective vehicles (veh, 4% DMSO and 4% tween 80 in isotonic saline) in C57BL/6 mice (n = 4, ***P < 0.001 Trpa1 ^+/+ CCL2 vs. Trpa1 ^+/+veh; CCL2 veh HC03, αLA vs. veh CCL2; ^§§§ P < 0.001 Trpa1 ^−/− CCL2 vs. Trpa1 ^+/+ CCL2 and CCL2 HC03, αLA vs. CCL2 veh HC03, αLA; two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analyses). c Representative images, F4/80⁺ cell number and H₂O₂ content in sciatic nerves of mice treated with perineural CCL2 (1 µg) after HC03, αLA (both, 100 mg kg⁻¹, i.p.) or respective vehicles (veh, 4% DMSO and 4% tween 80 in isotonic saline) (n = 5, ***P < 0.001 CCL2 vs. veh HC03, αLA; ^§§§ P < 0.001 CCL2 HC03, αLA vs. CCL2 veh HC03, αLA; one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analyses) (Scale bars: 50 μm, dashed lines indicate perineurium). d CCL2 levels, mechanical allodynia, F4/80⁺ cell number and H₂O₂ content in sciatic nerves (at day 10 after surgery) of sham/pSNL C57BL/6 mice after an anti-CCL2 antibody (CCL2-Ab) or IgG2B control (120 µg 200 µl⁻¹, i.p., single administration) (n = 6, ***P < 0.001 pSNL-CCL2-Ab vs. sham-CCL2-Ab; ^§§§ P < 0.001 pSNL-CCL2-Ab vs. pSNL-IgG2B; one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analyses). Data are represented as mean ± s.e.m